A "success" story from my Garden

Every four months during a Peace Corps service we have to fill out a Volunteer Reporting Form and submit that to our Bureau which then relays that on to Washington where fancy people use fancy computers to look at our fancy statistics in a fancy way and justify Peace Corps annual budget based on these numbers which confirm that volunteers around the world are making a difference.  Many peoples impression of the Peace Corps when first brought up is just a bunch of volunteers living out in the poor wilderness reading books, playing with kids, and doing nothing.  This is not at all what we do.  We in fact live out in the poor wilderness, read books, play with kids, and then try and turn those activities into meaningful statistics every four months.  See.  Big difference.  But I kid, volunteers around the world do some pretty cool work and during our time here its important to try to get that all down on paper so that on a larger scale we can step back and try to see what has worked, what hasn't worked, and what should be changed.  Such is the nature of the world and its why I spend one weekend a month sitting at a computer debating on whether or not the women who came to help me in a Moringa Garden should count as merely participants or realized contributors and if maybe I could wangle that activity as an IGO or simply leave that indicator blank.  Didn't know that happened, did ya?

Well along with the numbers our higher ups also like us to give a context for life in village.  We talk about our integration, our daily activities, and at the end of that section they ask us to write a "success story".  Now this isn't a winning the Superbowl kind of success or finally banging out that perfect game on Wii bowling kind of success.  This is anything you want it to be.  Earlier in my service I'm pretty sure one of my success stories was that I found out where the good rice tauntie was at lunch times.  Another reporting period I think my success was that one of the students who I hangout with a lot bought us some Gateau (salty fry-bread) to share together instead of the typical other way around.  Well this time around I decided to write about a series of failures that have occupied my last few months in site and how that often times successes don't actually have to be successful, but it is still nice when they end up that way.

Just a primer, since this was written for my superiors I dulled down my witty insights and delightfully hilarious commentary of which you have all become so fond, but alas, I am not in fact an adult so some of them will still pop up from time to time.  I just wanted you to be forewarned of the reduction in volume prior to diving into the meaty central narrative of my previous 4 months of life.  Enjoy.

*Exits stage*

Early on in my peace corps service I identified malnutrition as a problem in my village.  People weren't necessarily hungry, their diets were just poorly varied and the only source of variety came from the artificial lake/garden combo in a neighboring village 35 km away.  They only problem here was that if and when the vegetables from this lake made it to Kogho they were now too expensive for the majority of the population to afford and the remaining population who could afford them didn't see the value in vegetables and therefore did not often buy them.  During my groups in-service training me and my professional counterpart, Paulin Bamago, discussed this problem and then brainstormed a project framework to address this problem.  We wanted to build a garden for the local high school where the students could work the garden, sell and eat the produces, increase their nutrition, and provide much needed goods to a struggling community.  We were very excited and we brought this idea back to the community where it was met with middling enthusiasm.  We talked about the benefits and laid out how we would go about implementing this project, but a large portion of the community really felt that in order to garden you had to have a large artificial lake, otherwise it would be impossible.  Having been met with this response I began to think that maybe this wasn't the best project for Kogho and I began pursuing other projects that the community had proposed to me and I could clearly see that they were highly motivated to pursue.  Well a few months passed and my school's administration asked me about the progress on the garden project and I confessed that I had started molding the project into something focusing more on Moringa because it was something the community really wanted to do.  Upon hearing this my school's headmaster told me that he had been really excited about the garden when he had heard about it and really hoped there was a way to bring the project back.  A week later one of my fellow science teachers, M. Ouedraogo, told me he would love to have a garden available to use in examples in his classes because he often struggles to find concrete examples for the students to work with during plant biology.  Following this my homologue, Paulin, once again told me he was excited to see how the garden would turn out and that our school's quartermaster had pledged 5.000cfa a month of the school's budget towards managing the school's garden and dealing with any small costs that came up.  At this point I began to believe that maybe this would work, and having seen the encouraging work from my small group of student gardeners of whom I've written about in previous stories I decided that maybe I was being too cautious and that we should move ahead on this garden plan.

Well cut ahead to October, start of the school year.  It was interesting navigating the start of a school year this time around because I had a better idea of what to expect, the students already knew me and how I like to approach teaching, and I actually spoke French this time through.  Our school received an influx of science teachers this year so I saw my hours cut to three a week, but as a group we created an extra gardening class which would occupy one hour a week per class so my teaching hours would still occupy about ten hours a week so I would still be relatively busy.  How little I knew.  It seems with the start of every school year everything has to start over from scratch.  We were getting a new quartermaster, professors are slow to return from their homes in the cities, the school lunch program doesn't start for months, student tuition can't come in until the harvest is over, on top of this our mason was behind schedule on the compost pits, I hadn't included enough gardening tools in the grant, and I was coming in late from a tumultuous two weeks at "camp coup" where elation and despair seemed to manifest themselves simultaneously in every day.  I noted the lack of tools in my list of obstacles, but looking back it ended up being a very important element to the development of this garden.  The missing tools along with 5.000cfa pledge from the administration changed completely how this new garden was viewed by the students who would work their.  Instead of returning from their vacation to see a beautifully constructed garden with everything provided waiting for them by "America" or by me as many students thought that I had simply paid for the fencing myself, they returned to see a new garden as well as a lot of upcoming tasks.  The missing tools slowed everything down and gave the students time to process this garden as well as start asking questions which gave me the platform to discuss the nature of Peace Corps projects, grants, and outside sponsors.  The missing tools also provided the community the opportunity to rise to the occasion.  The Mayor's office provided all of the tools necessary for the students showing the students the community's investment in their garden and then with my budget from the school I was able to purchase small necessities such as our planting seeds as well and an extra watering can.  I can't quite quantity how important this was but to a student from a small village "your administration paid for this" means so much more than "a larger aid association provided the funds for these".  In a country that has had foreign aid worked into its DNA for decades hearing that something came from "outside Burkina" immediately gets lumped into a category of "white people gave you this" but hearing that their own administration used some of their limited resources to buy something gives them the chance to really take pride and ownership of something.  But I digress, my real success doesn't come into play until much later.  In an effort to shorten what could be a very lengthy story I will summarize by noting that the next three months were some of the hardest of my service and that while I did my best to teach and share my passion for growing things with these students they ended up teaching me more than I think I was able to teach them.  Despite my programmed ten hours a week of garden classes I probably spent closer to 30 hours a week working in that garden with those kids.  I found out how unbelievably long it can take to dig out 225 square meters of hardened earth even with a large (slightly ADHD) task force.  I discovered that leading groups of people can be the most frustrating experience while being filled with some of the most fulfilling moments.  I found an important manifestation of the differences between students in an interdependent culture versus an independent culture.  And I found out that sometimes in order to succeed life has to knock you down pretty hard, just to see if you can get back up.  My moment of getting knocked down came in second week working with the kids.  Entering the year I was working towards my vision of a garden.  In this vision my garden was managed by 100 Ryans who all loved nothing better than spending their early mornings watering plants and carefully nurturing each plant so that it grew into the best plant it could be.  Each day I worked with the kids this vision started feeling more and more unattainable which worried me since I had already decided that without a realization of this vision I couldn’t consider this project a success and all of this came to a head one afternoon when I was reduced to shouting at my students as they wrestled each other for the sign out sheet, each one wanting to be the first out of the garden class so that they could get to a local harvest festival that I didn’t know about.  I stormed out of the class and smoldered for two days.  During this time I spent a lot of the time just talking with one of the 3eme students, Etienne, who is also one of my closest friends in village.  We didn’t really talk about anything in particular.  Mostly just stuff about school, cities that he’s heard of, and delicious meals that we have eaten during our lives.  But during this time I was able to step back and readjust how I saw the garden.  No this garden wasn’t going to solve the nutrition problem in Kogho.  It might not even produce enough vegetables to feed the students who subscribe to the school lunch program.  No this garden wasn’t going to turn 500 students who had never gardened before into avid gardeners.  Maybe it would at least get 10.  And no this garden wasn’t going to somehow make so much money that all of the classes would be able to afford new notebooks and pens.  But it could still do something.  In the states all of the extra curricular activities are so commonplace that we forget that not everywhere in the world has them, and we often forget what their role really is.  High school football doesn’t exist in the states to train NFL players, it exists to give high school students a structured physical activity beyond the curriculum.  High school chess teams don’t exist because we are still looking for the next Bobby Fischer.  They exist to give students a chance to challenge their minds outside the required learning materials.  And this garden could be that too, it could exist so that this one small school would be able to provide its students with some activity beyond the classroom that pushes them to grow and learn in ways not necessarily found in the school.

With this mindset in mind we move into the closing chapter of this story.  Well we got the garden dug.  We managed to get some compost mixed.  We managed to get a reasonable amount of planting sacks to sprout, mostly cucumber and tomatoes, but it’s something.  We managed to get all of those plants into our freshly dug garden beds.  And little by little we managed to get the staff and students to take ownership of this garden.  I started seeing students watering without being told to do so once they saw the plants had started producing fruits.  I started seeing professors taking their students on walks through the garden during class time to point out aspects of their lessons.  And finally I had one student, Sibila Kargougou, nervously approach me after class to help me realize the true potential of this garden.  He told me that he lives near a lake 18 km away from the school and that for 2.000cfa we could buy enough onion bulbs to fill four whole garden beds, and it hit me.  We were a small garden watered by pumps and worked by students who have to attend classes and had never gardened in their life rather than local gardeners who did this as a job.  We shouldn’t be trying to embark on a seed to product enterprise, it just wasn’t feasible, we needed to function more as a value adding intermediary.  And this was an extremely modest cost, one the school could certainly afford to conduct in coming years.  I told the student that would be amazing and asked if I commissioned him when could we expect to get the onions.  He told me four days, which would put the arrival date at two days after I had left for a Soy training.  My initial instinct was to tell him that we would have to wait until after I got back so that I could be there to supervise.  Then I thought, “this garden is going to have to get along without me, why not now” so I gave him the money, let my homologue know that some onions should be arriving soon and I had designated a group of students as my Geba Naba Ramba (Onion chiefs), then set off to Leo to learn how to transform Soy.  Well I got back to find out that the garden had been regularly watered by my students, the new created geba naba ramba had successfully planted the onions with some surprise assistance from my professional homologue who is usually worried about getting his pants dirty, and that our administration was thrilled with the relative ease in which we were able to acquire onions that could be used for the school lunch program.  And that does it.  Sorry for how long this story was, but if you wanted to hear about something that dominated this reporting period for me as far as stress, time, failure, and success goes this was it.  It was a long and trying chapter in my service and it is by no means over.  But as I enter the final phase of my service and struggle with the thought of leaving a community that has grown to occupy such an enormous part of my life, its moments like this that help me visualize a Kogho without me.

Took a solid two-ish months of digging in two hour increments to get all of the garden beds dug.  Although I regularly assured my students that this will be the only year they have to work this hard.

Attacks in Burkina

Hey everyone! Just for opening. I too was devastated by the Hawks' lose.  But we'll be back.  In other news I'm getting my first chance to update my blog and I saw there was a huge spike in hits on my page about a day after the terrorist attacks in Ouagadougou and I'm assuming there is a connection there, even though my old man always told me never assume, because it makes you an ass.

Well I would like to assure everyone that I am perfectly safe, news of the attacks reached my that same night while I was safely a long way away in my village and since the attacks the Bureau of Peace Corps staff members have been working very closely with the US Embassy and Burkina Government to ensure both our and all westerners' safety whilst here in Burkina Faso.  For a bit of the history leading up to these attacks feel free to shoot me an email (rkennedy12345@gmail.com) where I have a more in depth write up on the lead up and activities in the region surrounding these attacks, but for those readers who are swinging by simply to confirm my continued existence I shall leave out the majority of those nitty gritty details from this post.  But in general the attacks did come as a shock to me and many of my fellow colleagues in the country.  Up until now we had weathered violent public protests that ousted a President/Dictator of 27 years as well as an attempted military coup the subsequent year and never did we really fear for our safety.  These events were unfortunate and I would never wish them on any country, but the Burkinabe attitude towards westerners, especially Americans, has never been anything but welcoming.  Even after the uprising and the coup moving around the city never felt any different despite the charred remnants of buildings and cars because we all knew that during all of these events Westerners had never been targeted, we had never been implicated, and the population dealt with the issues internally.  About a month before the attacks our Bureau enacted a travel restriction on Ouaga, nothing terribly strict, but the city was now open only for work related trips and we had to get permission directly from the Country Director.  In addition to this we were advised to avoid locations where Westerners often frequented and avoid going out in groups larger than five people.  All while respecting the city-wide curfew of 1AM-5AM.  We thought this a strange policy because as I mentioned, we had never been targeted. At least not in that sense.  Sure we were more likely to get robbed than a host country national, but there are methods to reduce that likelihood with which we were all well practiced.  So why now? Well that answer was soon to become clear.

About a month later on the evening of the 15th a group of men attacked the Hotel Splendid, a hotel popular among UN staff workers and Western Aid workers.  During the attacks 29 people died including 3 attackers and I'm sure you have read the rest through BBC or some other news outlet.  The attacks were claimed by Al Queda in the Islamic Mahgreb (AQIM) which sheds light on the source of the attacks.  Mali has struggled with terrorist attacks and security issues and this attack appears to have been carried out by this group coming from Mali across the Burkina-Mali boarder in the north.  The northern part of Burkina has long since been deemed a "no-travel zone" by the Embassy and is a situation that they continue to monitor closely.  In addition to this the Peace Corps has always added a larger buffer region to this no-travel zone preferring to take a more conservative approach.  With the information gathered that I am allowed to know this attack appears to be an isolated incident and the Burkinabe government has done an excellent job in raising security around the country.  The Peace Corps continues to operate as close to as normal as possible whilst working with much higher restrictions on travel to Ouaga and a continued monitoring of the situation.  I am just returning from a formation conducted in the south of Burkina on the transformation of soy into its various products with two women from my village and I was very happy when I heard the news that this training would be continuing as planned. During this trip I also got a glimpse of what life in Burkina is going to be like for the foreseeable future.  During the ride down our vehicles were stopped around 14 times at various checkpoints by either national police or military and often times I was the only member of the vehicle asked to present ID, a result no doubt due to the targeting of Westerners in this attack as well as the description of the attackers as appearing "White or arab".  On my way back to site before stopping at our Bureau to get some essential work done my Taxi was forced to drive along the road behind the hotel where the attacks occurred and while it wasn't the first burnt out building that I have seen here it felt a lot different.  I have always been a bit of a spectacle around this country due to my white skin, but now it feels a little different when I am in Ouaga.  People look at you a little differently.  Looking at the building knowing that these attacks were formulated specifically against people who looked like me felt weird. Uncomfortable.  But then the moment was gone.  We drove on.  I went to my Bureau.  Stayed indoors and finished my work.  And now I am about to go get onto a bush taxi that will take me to what often feels like a different world and just as often feels like home.

I write all this not to worry those at home.  You shouldn't be worried.  Unless you are worried about the horrifying paucity of burritos in my life.  I write this because yes, life is different now.  After events like this it would be pretty hard for life not to change its shape.  But I am still safe.  I am still working very hard.  And I am still planning to finish out my service in Burkina Faso if that is something that I will be permitted to do.  The Peace Corps does a great job of keeping us safe so go out and enjoy all that amazing snow that I keep hearing about and enjoy the kick off to what should shape up to be a pretty amazing year.

With my limited access to Ouaga I will do my best to continue to post semi-regular updates on my blog (not that I have ever managed to do that) as well as keep you up to date on the progress on my various projects with which I pass my time at site.

This strange little place called..home?

Welcome once again to the inundative style of writing that is my blogging experience.  I have trouble holding any predetermined schedule because sometimes I have nothing to write, or something to write but I don't yet know how to write about it.  What am I to do? Drink 50 cups of coffee in a Balzacian-like quest for inspiration?  Sacrifice chickens and burn entrails? Or simply wait around until the moment feels write and then just purge myself of all creative energy in one fell swoop and surprise you with adequate reading material for a weeks worth of bathroom breaks.  Well whether or not you read my blogs while residing upon the can I cannot say, but I'm sure you all have noticed that I have opted for the later method of creative juicing.  This explanation is my half attempt of apology for how late my coup d'etat blog post is, and also why it would be safe to assume that this style of blog posting is probably going to endure for the remainder of my service.

As hinted at in the end of my last post as well as in this very blog title.  Today we discuss home, and the many implications stemming from that most comforting of words.  It took a military coup for me to realize it, but my village really has become my home.  While stuck in Leo in the south of Burkina, faced with the possibility of never returning to village I found myself missing the oddest things about my life in Kogho.  I of course missed my dog, I missed hanging out with my friends.  But more than that I missed the feeling of being in Kogho, of being part of this huge, crazy, sometimes dsyfunctional family.  I missed being invited to drink water from some strangers water satchet.  I missed students coming by simply to say hi.  I missed people biking by my fields and almost falling of their bikes when they realized I was some white dude farming.  I missed the conversations that followed these near accidents. 

"White dude, what are you doing?"

"I am farming?"

"Farming what?"

"Soy...it's like beans"

"...like beans....white dude! I like you!!"
*big grin* *bikes away*

I missed the smaller things about my smaller life in my courtyard.  I missed watering my plants, wondering when my tangerine tree will start fruiting. I missed mixing my compost pit and being serenaded by that earthy smell as I would sink the shovel into the pile.  I missed eating fresh beans off of the plant.  Sun dried peanuts. Daily cucumbers.  Those sudden rains storms that would sweep in pounding against your house for two hours, blotting out all else with its noise and intensity until just as suddenly.  Stops.

I guess what I am getting at is that it was amazing to see how much I couldn't wait to get back to site when I look back at my first week in Kogho and that panicked feeling that I got thinking about how unbelievably long two years was.  Back then I thought two years would never end.  Now that the end is in sight I can't believe how fast it all seemed to fly by.  In a way I'm glad I was forced to face the possibility of leaving Burkina, because I had forgotten that saying good bye is a very real part of serving here.  This scare alerted my to the difficult reality that I am going to have to face as my service begins to come to a close over here.  We have 8 months left, which I know sounds like a long time to some people.  But once you've gotten lost in a village, that's just the blink of an eye.

I write this post lounged out in my chair under my hangar waiting for the noon heat to pass so I can go out and inspect my fields, my harvest time is upon me so stay tuned for news on how that goes and how tasty home grown soy ends up being.  And to end this post as I end all of my classes.

Thank you for your attention.  Even if you think I am boring.  Until next time!

Living through history and a startling look forward

As some of you know and many of you do not we have been dealing with a military coup over here in Burkina Faso.  Prior to this experience I don't know what I could have told you about the reality of coups or political instability.  When you heard about coups in Africa you tended to lump those into the large general category of things far away and in Africa and even with the upswing in political manifestations seen lately around the world it was hard to really grasp what any of that meant.  Having now lived through one I can't say that I know what it means to be from a country that has dealt with a coup because at the end of the day I am not a Burkinabe.  But I do have an idea what it means to be an invested spectator.
This all started last year when "President" Blaise Compaore was ousted from the country due to the popular uprisings in Ouaga and he was replaced with a civilian run transitional government.  This is wildly oversimplifying the events of 2014, but it gives a general framework of what is to come.  The transitional goverment was tasked with running the country and preparing to hand over power following the country's first ever truly democratic elections scheduled for October 2015.  During the year I saw the effects of transitional authority at the village level as my fellow villagers and I watched government sponsored agriculture programs, including my village's newly partnered sesame association get shut down due to the transitional authorities lack of power to maintain these programs and they where therefore shelved and set aside for the new president.  What this meant in real terms was no fertilizer for villagers, but you don't hear about that in the news.
As the elections approached all volunteers were schedule to enter standfast for the two weeks surrounding the elections where we couldn't leave our villages.  Despite the mild violence in the capital the year previously the villages remained calm and most problems came from attempted travel or being in the capital.  I wasn't worried, in fact I was looking forward to an excuse to just sit in village for a month.  The harvest  was starting and it was my favorite time of year to be in village.  But it was not to be.  The general of the presidential special forces (RSP) orchestrated a military coup the 16th of September and everything started moving pretty quickly from there.  The presidential special forces are a highly trained very well equipped fighting force of 1300 men and they have been rather unpopular amongst the people for the past 30 years.  The basis of the coup was that the transitional government had blocked any members of Blaise Compaore's former party from running in the elections and they had released a statement declaring their plans to disband the RSP, the linchpin of Dindere's power.  For further details I would recommend a healthy googling, its an interesting history, just not interesting enough that I want to summarize everything for you here. 
We entered immiediete standfast the 16th, but the thought of evacuation never crossed my mind.  It had gotten pretty serious the year before and we never came close to evacuation so why this year?  Regardless I read through my volunteer emergency  action planned and made sure I knew what to expect even if I didn't think it would happen.  Then I got a text on the 19th telling me to prepare my house for possible evacuation.  This was startling.  I called a friend and we joked about it a little, then I got to the business of putting my whole life into boxes.  It was a weird day, you have to go through all of your belongings and decided what to keep, what can go, what can fit into your single backpack.  Growing up in the States you forget that there are parts of the world where the grand political situation can dictate large aspects of your life.  But having made the decision to come and serve in the developing world I was also agreeing to the reality that there would be a lot outside of my control, such as when I choose to leave the country.
Two days later my home was boxed up, shipping address left on the table, and I had made the noncommittal good byes to two of my closest friends saying that I hope that I come back, but the reality is that I don't know so this might be the last time you ever see or hear from me again.  I then hopped on a bus to go meet up with my Peace Corps vehicle that was taking my region to consolidate near the Ghana boarder.  Me and two other volunteers met up with our driver, Abraham, around 10:00 am and we didn't make it to our consolidation point until the next day at 14:00.  We had to bypass multiple roadblocks, we got stuck in the mud twice out in the bush, two of our volunteers were late to a pickup because they had to catch motos and then one had a minor accident, and the whole time we had to take creative back roads down south because we had to avoid Ouaga and the military presence there.  During this time as we are driving past armored personnel carriers and hearing more news from the capitals I started to get a sick feeling in my stomach as I thought "this is a lot more serious than I thought, we might be going home".  I don't want it to sound like I don't want to come home, I just really didn't want to come home right now.  I'm in the middle of my service.  All of my projects are right at a turning point that need me there.  And if we got evacuated I would never know what happened to my village, I couldn't send a message to whatever volunteer replaced me and ask how my friends are doing, it would be a clean break.
Over the next two weeks we would ride an informational roller coaster as news of the coup came in.  There is no coup blueprint so any and all developments were there own isolated piece of information and one day's worth of good news didn't mean that there was more good news to come, it just meant that today there was good news.  But tomorrow could easily be bad again.
As I write this we finally seem to have wrapped up the risk of evacuation and we are all scheduled to go back to our villages on Monday which has been a huge relief.  But one of the interesting realizations about this weird two weeks of stress is how much I have changed over my last year in this country.  I'm planning to devote a different blog post to this later because this one seems long enough already, but it has been an interesting forshadowing of what readjustment to American life will be like next year, but that time it will hopefully be on my terms.

A bigger Africa

Having finished my great summer African Voyage....Just kidding it was only two countries on the continent.  Contrary to popular belief I have not been living in Africa for the last year I have been living in Burkina Faso, a country about the size of Colorado on a continent that occupies about 20% of the worlds total available landmass.  In much the same way one tends to say that they're from Washington rather than saying that they're from North America I find that it's important to avoid broad stroke generalizations in these matters.  This point has really been driven home for me over these past few months where I have taken the opportunity to travel around the region and found a beautifully diverse ensemble of cultures, climates, and ecosystems all sharing boarders.  I'm in the north of Burkina in a small village completely populated by an Ethnic group called the Mossi and this doesn't even fully capture the full image of what Burkina is like just like a weekend in Seattle, WA won't tell you a lot about what life in Spokane is like over on the eastern half of the state.  Also imagining that Seattle and Spokane also spoke two different languages.  Having passed what could be argued as the driest year of my young life in Burkina I decided that it was high time to go see an ocean again so I loaded up my backpack, grabbed some good books, and bused on down to Benin and Togo, our oceanic neighbors to the south.  Its about a 25 hour bus ride if you can get your hands on a no-stops ticket and its an engrossing journey as you get to watch the desert melt away to a jungley goodness that I had forgotten existed.  What was difficult to grasp through the glass of my one way air conditioned bus was the cultural change awaiting me upon dismount in Cotonou, Benin.  It was still West Africa and there were many tangible similarities for me to grasp onto as I began to get my bearings in a new city, but for lack of a better word, there was a different vibe.  As if everyone had agreed to adjust their typical behaviors to just 5 percent off of the norm.  I am still a white male in West Africa and this still garnered all of the typical reactions; plies for friendship, solicitations for help, an insistence that my money belongs to them, a promise of healthy children, a harsh jeering chant of "white" in local language with the sole hope of possibly eliciting a angry reaction because my existence is solely for their entertainment.  Yet, underneath all of this it felt different, if you were to insist on judging a country by how people interact with you it might be easy to miss the subtle differences, but when you look at how they interact with each other you see a different world.  There was a slight liberalism that I found in Cotonou that I had never seen in Burkina.  No liberalism in the popular western sense of the world, just a slightly more progressive behavior set in relation to the local norm.  I again found this to be true in Lome, Togo.  Finally upon arriving in Kpalime I was finally presented with a fascinating observation that I don't think would have been possible had I never left the boarders of Burkina.  Here I was once again greeted by a sharp swing in cultural norms, in this case it seemed to be derived from a widespread Rastafarian population and the ever present French volunteer and ex-patriot population around this little mountain town.  One helpful aspect is that while vast swathes of Burkina are terrible and deserty, this little paradise was beautiful, jungly, and had more beautiful waterfall hikes than you could shake a stick at, you know,  if shaking sticks at destination waterfall hikes happened to be a hobby of yours.  This being the case the town invited an ex-patriot population who lived in Togo not because they felt drawn to aid work, but simply because they wanted to live there, and for me this made all the difference.  To preface, I love Burkina Faso, it is a remarkable country full of rich friendly culture, amazing people, and at its core a deep desire for self improvement.  That being said it is no destination country.  If I were looking to uproot and move somewhere and start a life for myself, it would probably would not be Burkina Faso.  With this being the case there aren't any real Western Ex-patriots who simply live in Burkina Faso, their existence in Burkina always encompasses Aid work to some varying degree and that is usually what is keeping them in the country.  Some Lebanese and Middle Eastern ex-patriots that work their way into the restaurant industry in the big cities, and there are people brought in with the mining companies, but the Burkina of a mining executive is a different world entirely.  In Kpalime, Togo however, the story is quite different, but the local reaction is rather telling.  Togo is a beautiful country with a lot of natural attributes as well as a deep sea international port which makes a world of difference in the availability of Western Comforts.  Following these silver linings you begin to find Westerners living in Togo simply to live their life their rather than spending their time working to aid and develop Africa from some sort of moral high ground or in search of an altruistic feel good moment not as readily available for them in their country of origin.  This altruistic drive has driven foreign presence in African countries for so long that I have found it hard for much of the local population to view a white stranger as anything other than an altruistic ATM.  This became clearer to me as I began to talk more with a Belgium ex-patriot named Yanni living in Kpalime and running a restaurant with his mother, Togolese wife, and their two children.  He had been in Kpalime for 7 years and through our conversations I gleaned that he had been rather fed up with Western life and had simply wanted to get away and start something new for himself.  Despite his seven full years living in Kpalime his whiteness still prevented him from settling down to a normal life.  He told me that he had had to stop going to church because the pastor would always insist that it was his duty as a white man to buy them a new church, or build them an orphanage.  When Yanni would reply that he didn't have that kind of money the pastor would call him a liar, because everyone knows that the whites are rich.  He would get a similar reaction from many around town that played host to so many different aid and volunteer organizations.  In a small remote part of Togo there was no steady flow of media to give the population any real blueprint of Western life other than what they saw and what they saw most clearly was white aid and white pity.  Every year the insistence that they can't get things done on their own is reinforced to the tune of hundreds of volunteers coming through their communities to help them, donate, build, and teach.  In their mind 100% of western foreigners exist to develop them because for the last 50 years that's all they've seen.  Now all of this isn't to say this is the case for every single person, because that would be grossly overgeneralizing.  And in fact in Kpalime I met some truly

inspirational Togolese locals working to better their community completely on their own.  They had started an organization that aimed to work on trash clean up and respecting the environment and they didn't wait for a white westerner to come along and pull the strings in the background.  But for every dynamic group like these two there are another 100 waiting in the wings, paralyzed by their perceived need of western intervention and perfectly content to wait for the next white foreigner to cross their path and hand them the mythical key to success.  I also don't want this article to come off as some vendetta against the foreign aid industry, for lack of a better term.  The Peace Corps has three goals and two of those goals are about cultural exchange between the host country and the United States and my main medium for that is this blog.  If painting an accurate portrait of Burkina Faso through a blog seems like a daunting task that is because it is.  I have been here for over a year and yet I am constantly surprised by what this country teaches me.  Beyond that it can sometimes be hard to grasp how diverse Africa really is having never been and seen.  I guess my goal in writing this post is too just illuminate the diverse landscape of cultures and ideas found all within three small West African countries, and for every "Africa" you hear about, see in photos, or read about in a sub par Peace Corps blog, there are hundreds more existing simultaneously, actively contradicting descriptions, lying in secret, or just waiting to surprise you.

And hey!That fun picture of a waterfall is a hike that I went on in Kpalime. Like I said. Pretty beautiful little spot.

Update on those Fields though

Yes I know I am posting an update on a blog post at the same time that I posted the post that is being updated, but I actually did write them at different times so if you want you can read my first farming post and then wait a few weeks before reading this one for dramatic effect?  Or simply binge upon all of my wonderful posts at once because you delight in my prose and find my dry humor powerfully addicting.  Whichever route you decide to take, always remember, the choice is yours.

Well since returning to my village in the final week of July from my solo trip through Togo and Benin farming has firmly occupied all of my waking moments.  In part its because I've never farmed by hand (let alone farmed at all) before and as such I am a lot slower than everyone else in village.  But it's also slightly due to the fact that I am a bachelor in a farming community.  To look at marriage from an economic utility standpoint it makes complete sense to get married young and procreate often in a community that relies upon subsistence farming.  To borrow from The Moon is a Harsh Mistress marriage is a "device for conserving capital and insuring the welfare of children", in this case it is also key to survival and rests at the core of a remarkably adept interdependent society.  In the West there is a culture of privilege were you grow up being informed by our cultural that the individual is king, your successes are yours and you got to where you are by your own hard work and nobody gave you any freebies on the way and in a way the relative wealth of the West works to mask the glaring inaccuracies of this ideal.  Realistically you can have success in the Western world with very little interaction with other people.  You can stay single, find a job, receive your paychecks avoid friends, and binge on Netflix every weekend all in the comfort of relative solitude if you so choose without running the risk of dying or starving to death.  Amidst all of this its easy to see why cultural attitudes exist that insist that we can do everything on our own.  Yet if you truly want to convince someone that they rely upon others in everything that they do in life, put a hoe in their hand and say "plant".
In village I am able to eek by alone because while living and farming in village I am still a salaried individual and can use that money to support myself.  For the rest of the village, you're nothing without community.

Most all of my waking moments in village over the past month have been devoted to farming giving me a better appreciation for the word "exhaustion" in all of its varied implications as well as my dependence upon community.  I got back to site to find my fields well sprouted yet surprisingly overgrown with weeds.  It was a little startling, I had left on my trip at the onset of rainy season so having left a dry desert dirt land I was rather shocked to see how quickly vegetation had picked back up from last year.  "No problem" I thought "I'll just weed that all this week and I'l be good to go".  No idea why I thought it would be this after my planting farce, but the mind is quite good at forgetting unpleasantness and that looks to be what had happened.  The next morning I grabbed my Daba (pictured below) and went at it without exactly knowing what to do, but hey, its just weeding, how hard could it be?  Turns out, stupid hard.  I enthusiastically started hacking away with my little hand hoe, hands nicely callused up at this point, and body positioned in the 90 degree farming bend as I meandered my way through the fields, hacking, yanking, throwing, and destroying all weed life before me.  My core problem was that I had a lot more tasks stacked up than just weeding my soy fields and my delightfully short attention span precludes any true single task devotion.  I needed to weed my soy fields, dig a new garden bed, plant said garden bed, transplant about 40 Acacia trees along my field, and start moving my Moringa trees from their growing bags into the fields that had been left aside for our Moringa project.  So like a squirrel getting ready for winter each of these tasks received about 5% of my attention and time in order of highest to lowest interest and while this kept me moving at a good pace the end result after 10 hours was an exhausted Ryan and five barely started tasks.  The problem was that this time around I wasn't working one exhausting day and then scurrying off on a vacation.  I was working one exhausting day and then waking up to do the exact same thing again.  And again.  And again.  My mind was like mush and when I went to bed each night little weeds danced before my eyes.  These weeds came to define my existence.  I gave each species a deservedly sharp nasty nickname, I came up with names for the Daba strokes that I used to kill the individual species, and spend enough time farming and you will slowly come to learn interesting facts about yourself that you would have never otherwise stumbled across.  We are all filled with facts, preferences, and skills.  For example if you are good at basketball you know that about yourself.  Some people have found that they love chocolate cake, but hate vanilla cake.  They know this because they live in a cake soaked world where they have probably been introduced to both kinds of cakes and have therefore had the chance to learn these facts about themselves.  Others prefer chunky peanut butter to smooth.  What I am saying is that your environment pushes certain facts out of you, facts that may have been there all along, you had just never been presented with the proper stimuli.  Well here I was learning all sorts of interesting tidbits about myself that I sometimes wish had remained dormant.  For instance, after having spent over 100 hours thrashing around in my muddy soy fields I can tell you that I somewhat prefer the taste of soil with a high clay content as opposed to a high sand content.  I know my weeding time per row like an Olympic sprinter knows his 200m dash.  On a post rainy day I can weed a heavily infested row of soy in 60 minutes, but if it has dried out I can bust that bad boy out in 45...43:12 is my record.  I know certain weeds only die if you shake all of the dirt out of their roots otherwise they come back as zombie weeds with the next rain, permitting you to re-weed vast swathes of your field whilst re-watering your plants with your tears.  I also know that soy planted in clayey soil will develop about 50% faster than soy in gravely soil.  As you can see, non of these are real resume diamonds and if I were to buy you a drink at a bar and then regale you with my preferences for clayey soil its rather unlikely that I would be getting your number on that particular evening.  But that being the case, these are some of the new facts about myself that I have gleaned from having my life utterly consumed by farming.  Every day I'm back in the fields by 8:00, 9:00 if I was feeling a bit chuffed that morning, I work until noon, I buy rice and sauce at the market, eat and repose until 14:00 at which point I'm back in the fields until 18:00 at which point I crawl back into my home, prepare the simplest dinner possible of which I have ingredients for and then go to bed.  Days 1 and 2 I was actually doing 10 hours rather than this abbreviated 7-8 hour schedule.  But by day 3 my body informed me that it was uncomfortable with this new arrangement by getting sick and so I slackened off a bit.  Despite this ridiculously fun workload I found that I wasn't really making much progress.  As I hinted about above I had to double weed huge portions of my fields because I didn't properly shake the weeds out and they all just came back, switching to my new weed shaking process dropped my productivity to a crawl (not literally this time) and I was starting to realize that I once again couldn't do this alone.  I was barely able to even feed myself alone, not to mention my house looked like a small bomb had gone off because I had no time to clean.  My clothes were all dirty so I wore my same farming pair each day and when we had a heavy rain I just hung them on the lines and called it clean.  I was getting a chance to see firsthand the importance of family and community in my little village.  And so I turned to them.  I hired my neighbor and her two friends to help me weed and the difference it made was unbelievable.  I could breath again.  My sweaty pathetic attempts over the course of 2 weeks had barely knocked out a quarter of my fields and then they came in a wiped everything out in a single morning. A single. Morning.  I wouldn't have believed it possible if I hadn't been there with them like some overgrown kid getting in the way.  They flew through line after line while I was left standing in the background holding my lower back in pain, covered in dirt and sweat, and carefully shaking each weed to death.  No breaks, no complaints, just business as usual.  I paid them in a slight daze, tried to thank them but they just laughed it off, and watched them zip back off to their own fields to work some more.  With my new breathing room I finally a little bit got my life back together, cleaned the house, tidied up the weeding they'd done, set up some real meals to cook.  Also left with a new found appreciation for what its like to live in Kogho.  Not as some sort of Tenant, but as a real resident of the village.  This is the only reality that you know, there are no others, at least nothing possible.  This is your world, the space you have been given to occupy and you make due with what is there. 

Having been saved by the community I still knew my troubles were far from over.  Putting down fertilizer was an absolutely miserable week and its almost time for the second round of weeding.  I also insisted to the three women that they don't weed the entirety of my field, I had them leave that space where I planted myself.  I had prepared it on my own,  planted it, and I wanted to see it through to the end.  That being said, it is still not all the way weeded and we're almost ready for the second round of weeding out here, a true testament to the eye watering speed of my hand hoe-ing.  But despite the rather constant exhaustion, the aches, the soreness, the ample gallons of sweat that I have poured into the ground, and the one dimensional-ness of my life right now, I am still glad that I was dumb enough to plant a half a hectare of soy by myself.  In addition to my preferences in soil taste, I have learned a lot about myself through the whole process and will probably continue to do so through the next weeding period and the eventual harvest, learning how to balance a busy life with the necessity of farming.  I have also earned a new lenses with which to view the people in my village, a lens that can only be bought and paid for with time and sweat.

Pictured above:  The local weeding Daba, great for taking down fields full of weeds and the integrity of your lower back.

A Summer in the Fields

I'm going to ignore the glaring gap between my posts and I think it would be better for everyone if you all did the same. 
A lot of the work that I do out here is agriculture based and I've found it quite relaxing to allow that to bleed into my own life.  I keep a garden in my courtyard, I am growing several types of fruit trees to go along with my ample moringa trees, and I have a pit behind my house where I develop manure during the dry season.  Its not only a very relaxing hobby, but it helps define my presence in Kogho for many of the villagers.  As a farmer, it is a lot easier to trust the advice and credibility of a person who is actively demonstrating the new techniques in their own life and proving their efficacy using locally available time and materials.  Along with this sometimes my hunger for perspective and my insatiable curiosity get me into trouble, this was one of those times.  My final decision to do this was made while reading a book called Two Ears of Corn: A Guide to People-Centered Agricutural Improvement and the Roland Bunch talked about the powerful perspective found in completely immersing yourself in the community that you wish to work with, seeing parts of their world through their eyes, unifying sense of community felt in the shared jolt of panic as a late rain comes after the season and you find yourself running out of the courtyard with the local family to quickly cover the drying peanut.  I read that chapter and knew that I had to have that, I had to really put in the time and commitment if I wanted to continue in the agriculture sector of development.  I had already established myself as a well of knowledge on Moringa cultivation, and surprisingly enough sesame cultivation, but with the school year winding down I felt that there must be something else that I could add into my repertoire to fill my impeding influx of free time.  And this book pushed my mind to fall upon farming.  I live in the...downtown? area of a small farming community, during the dry season everyone lives close by because of the access to the market and the high school, and just all the things.  When the rain comes my bustling metropolis of a town drops to population 50 in a matter of days as everyone uproots and moves out to live on their farms during the rains.  If I am really a member of the community I ought to farm as well.  I decided upon planting soy, its extremely nutritious, has an exciting number of varied applications, and best of all, nobody has heard of it.  That's not to say that nobody in Burkina knows of soy, tons of people know about it.  It's produced on an extremely large scale in many regions, you can find tofu kibabs in most large bus stations, but there is a big difference between Burkina knowing about something, and then my village knowing about something.  Might as well be in two different worlds.  So I set to it with a will.  Turns out the small plot behind my house is for whoever lives there, they just haven't had a resident in awhile.  Nice, called dibs on that.  Picked up some planting soy, gathered up my awesome well developed manure, and picked up the necessary tools in the market for a dollar, this is going to be great.

Well school is now out, as predicted the village is in fact a ghost town, and there's one crazy white dude chomping at the bit to get started on this years season.  Only tiny problem was that there was no rain.  I had been promised awesome jaw dropping, school interrupting, tropical storms by the middle of May and yet here we sat in the middle of June with not a drop to speak of.  The village was getting worried, but if I hadn't known them so well I wouldn't have noticed.  All of the smiles were still there, the easy laugh, the pointless small talk, but underneath it you could hear the strain.  This is all they have, they sit around doing nothing all year and then work like a devil behind a plow for 5 months in order to scrape out the merest existence and here that was being taken away from them.  The stress wasn't all permeating however, the kids, free from the burden of worrying about supporting a large family where free to laugh, joke, and bemoan the unpleasantness of farming.  I was shocked, how could they not take farming more seriously? This was their livelihood! Their bread and butter, their, their everything?  I listen to stories of them devising new and interesting ways to cut their workloads down, describing planting techniques deviating so far from the manicured ideals that I'd read about in books that I couldn't believe that they yielded anything.  I chipped in "but the rain should be here soon! Then we can start planting!" At which point my 17 year old friend Etienne turns to me with that kind exasperated yet affectionate expression usually reserved for the precocious toddler who bawdily states that he is about to eat an entire cake, and says "monsieur, ne soyez pas presse pour cultiver, ca va arriver".  Well that pulled me up short, maybe I was too excited to farm?  Maybe I was too excited to pleasurably engage in the hard physical labor that had defined the lives of so many people in this part of the world.  And maybe I simply had no idea what it was actually like to farm.

A couple days after having curbed my enthusiasm at the hands of Etienne's candidness the rains did in fact come and so work began.  It was hard, but the rains came at a time when other obligations where popping up and I was not able to devote the time to the fields that I would have liked, which prevented me from catching the real brunt of the blow.  I was digging some zai planting pits instead of plowing with my nonexistent donkey because I wanted the village to see how much more productive their fields could be with this style of planting rather than plowing.  They were taking longer than I had expected, but I never worked longer than 2 or 3 hours in a day and walked away with nothing worse than a few blisters on my hands before having to travel into the capital to get some work done.  I got back to village with a slight ball of stress building in the back of my mind, I finally measured it out and it turns out that I had sunk my teeth into a half of a hectare of planting (2500 square meters) and reality was starting to bare its teeth.  I had claimed this piece of land, the other families had made plans to not plant here because the Nassara had claimed this land, I couldn't back out now, this was prime location, if I left it unplanted it would be a big empty scar for everyone to see, and I would never live that one down.  But I was leaving the country in 8 days to visit Togo, and Benin.  Months ago it had made sense to go in the middle of July, if the rains had been on time then it would have been no problem but now we're a month behind schedule and I've got 8 days to somehow plant a half a hectare of soy in a dry field.  So I set to it with a will, only problem being gumption isn't enough to make the rains come any more often than they want to and I could only go out and dig the zai pits if the ground was wet.  7 days and one Chief sponsored rain dance later I had all of the pits dug that I was likely to get done (10 rows, generously speaking maybe 15% of my field) but I could only plant if it was wet otherwise the tribes of free range chickens that infest all of West Africa would eat my seed out of the ground.  I made plans with one of my students who was working fields near the town.  I would pay him the going rate to bring his plow and donkey over and finish the rest of my fields for me while I was out of town so that I didn't miss my already painfully narrow window.  Well some sort of rain deity smiled on me that night and I woke up on my final village day prior to vacation with wet ground and a hell of a lot of soy to plant.  I needed to carry all of my manure out to the fields a bucket at a time and toss a handful into each planting pit after which I would walk around with a planting pioche (pictured below) and a bowl of seeds and plant every hole in a half bent painful shuffling gait that the members of my village are insanely good at.
Well 10 hours later I was quite literally crawling through my fields on all fours trying to finish all of the planting in the most acute level of exhaustion that I had subjected myself to since probably my high school athletic days when I actually participated in regular coached conditioning.  I felt sluggish and disconnected from my body, new vistas of information opening up to me, such as why farming communities never spent their free time developing trigonometry or pushing moral philosophy, why one might find the idea of marriage before the age of 20 very tempting, why all of my village friends hands felt like equal parts boiled leather and sand paper, and above all why nobody is really excited to start farming.  I crawled beneath my shade tree to nap a little bit while savoring of the the exciting messages that my body was sending me and then went searching for the motivation to make dinner and get my life back together.  That evening I was given the tiniest glimmer of why I was doing this. 
I'd eaten and cleaned up and was sprawling in my village chair with that slow languid feeling that usually follows mass carbohydrate expenditures when Etienne swings by for a visit.  We talk of small things until the conversation works itself to my fields and I expound to him the difficulties of planting.  How by the end of the day I couldn't even stand and plant, I had to sit next to the holes and then crawl from one to the other, pioche long forgotten, just shoving seeds into the ground with my bare hands.  The sight of seeing this foreign white professor spewing forth all of the classic rainy season lamentations of the village regular in a mixture of French, local language, and typical Burkina sound effects proves to be too much for Etienne and he just falls over laughing, I join in too because its pretty easy to see the humor in the situation, and we spend another 20 minutes joking about how much farming sucks and how if you farm too much you get stuck in the farming position for the rest of your life. 
24 hours later I'm on an overnight bus to Benin reflecting on my decision to farm and the landscape of my upcoming summer.  Sure I wasn't really going to be blowing anybody's mind with my new fangled planting techniques, but I was getting a rare window into the daily perspective of a Kogho native and despite my hard months ahead, it looked like piece by piece I was wearing away some of the more jagged edges that kept me labeled as a stranger and moved me closer to the heart of what our village was.

This is the hand held planting pick that everyone uses in my region.  It varies subtly from place to place and between the different ethnic groups, but the core idea remains the same.  This is the tool used by traditionally by men (and women because the women really do most if not all of the actual work) to prepare the fields and to plant.  In order to understand planting you have to have the stance just right so why don't ya'll hop up and give this a try.  You stand up, bend at the waist until your head is a few feet from the ground while keeping you legs perfectly straight and then hold that posture while slowly walking through the fields.  Each pocket you swing your little axe into the ground, pull up the dirt, sprinkle in 2-3 seeds, and then tap the dirt with the head of the axe to pack it back in before moving to the next hole.  Once the planting is done everyone switches to different tools, but the elders in village are rarely seen without their traditional planting axes, wood worn smooth by years of planting, axe head burnished and hooked over the shoulder, dressed in traditional bubus and drinking local beer.